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What is medical waste?
With the development of social economy, there are more and more kinds of medical waste, including used medical and protective equipment, such as medical masks, gloves, protective clothing, shoe covers and disposable medical equipment, as well as reagent bottles, drug packaging bags, expired drugs, biological tissue, etc.
Current domestic treatment methods
Traditional treatment methods include disinfection, landfill, incineration and pyrolysis.
Although the disinfection and landfilling method first adopts the measures of disinfection and treatment of medical waste, it is often not treated thoroughly, and more underground space is occupied after landfilling. With the passage of time, the harmful substances in these medical waste may still leak out. Therefore, the waste treatment method of disinfection and landfilling method still has the risk of causing soil and water pollution.
Incineration method is to place medical waste in an incinerator and burn it in the presence of a large amount of oxygen to form a large amount of SO2, NOx, HCl and polycyclic aromatic compounds. Incineration fly ash contains more heavy metals and dioxins. For the flue gas after medical waste incineration, certain flue gas purification measures need to be taken to avoid secondary pollution to the environment.
The treatment of medical waste by pyrolysis is carried out under the condition of no oxygen or extremely low oxygen content. The organic medical waste is heated to a certain temperature to decompose and turn into combustible small molecule gas, but it cannot be treated for inorganic medical waste.
Treatment of medical waste by plasma gasification technology
Plasma gasification technology is a modern technology for the safe treatment of medical waste, and it is also an environmental protection technology for converting organic waste into useful products. Plasma gasification technology has high energy and can quickly decompose waste to produce small molecular intermediates. The combustible gas produced by it is completely burned in the secondary combustion chamber and finally discharged after tail gas purification. Plasma technology has the advantages of fast heat and mass transfer rate, less dioxin production, simple flue gas purification, small volume, small floor area and simple operation. It is widely used in European and American countries.
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