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What is oily sludge?
Oily sludge refers to the sludge mixed with crude oil, various product oils, residue and other components. It is a complex mixture composed of oil, water and solid. After mixing, it becomes a relatively stable and poor fluidity suspended emulsion sludge that is difficult to treat. High water content, large volume, high content of toxic and harmful components and obvious thermal wave are the main characteristics of sewage sludge, which contains a large amount of crude oil, solid suspended solids, bacteria, salts and corrosion products.
Current domestic treatment methods
Since the early 1990s, the United States, Germany and other developed countries have carried out large-scale technical research and equipment development for sludge treatment, and formulated strict regulations. For example, in January 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency made special provisions on sludge treatment in the resource protection and recycling act and the amendment of hazardous and solid wastes, and proposed technical treatment standards. The research on sludge treatment technology in China started later than that in western developed countries. At present, there is a big gap between the existing sludge treatment technology and the world's advanced sludge treatment technology. At present, the common technologies for oil sludge treatment at home and abroad can be roughly divided into: extraction method, incineration and coking method, biological method, profile control treatment method, three-phase separation method, pyrolysis method, etc.
Application of Greenmax plasma treatment system in oil sludge treatment
With more than 15 years of experience in the oilfield sludge treatment industry, Greenmax environmental technology has developed a complete set of industrial routes for oily sludge treatment, including the separation and pretreatment technology of oily sludge, efficient crude oil recovery process and physical oil removal and technology, and the technology of treating oily sludge with magnetic field plasma cracking furnace, The supporting complete water treatment and recovery technology and tail gas adsorption treatment technology have achieved a comprehensive technical breakthrough in the treatment of oily sludge. The treatment content of products is less than 3 ‰, the daily treatment of oily sludge reaches 300 tons, the sewage discharge is zero, and the exhaust gas meets the standard and is reduced.
The main principles of the designed gasification and cracking technology are as follows: the organic macromolecules in oily sludge are gasified and cracked by self heating under high temperature, producing combustible gas and medium and low molecular liquid phase oil, and releasing energy, so as to create economic value; In the process of treating oil sludge, it can be mixed with dry solid waste for gasification and cracking, so as to improve the quality of fuel gas. When the humidity of oil sludge is too high, the gas with low calorific value can be mixed with fuel gas. After mixing at the stove, it can be fully incinerated, releasing a large amount of heat energy, which can be connected to boilers and other equipment for utilization.
The main treatment processes of oily sludge are as follows:
(1) Sort the oily sludge to remove stones and other sundries
(2) Part of the dry sludge with low oil content enters the plasma cracking furnace after crushing.
(3) Sludge with high oil content forms oily slurry water after mixing with water, and then through the crude oil recovery equipment and sludge oil removal equipment developed by Greenmax, it is equipped with qualified Lingmai self-developed chemical agent formula to realize the three-phase separation of oil and cement; After pressure filtration, the mud is sent to the plasma cracking furnace for treatment, and the water is reused after being treated by the sewage treatment process developed by Greenmax. Zero discharge of experimental sewage.
(4) Oily sludge enters the plasma cracking furnace and the following reactions occur
When the temperature of oily sludge rises to 800 ℃, it excites the combustibles dominated by crude oil inside to form active substances. Under the action of plasma air flow at the bottom of the furnace, oxidation reaction occurs to generate small molecular gases, such as CO2, H2O, etc., and a large amount of heat energy is emitted at the same time. The furnace gas passes through the plasma auxiliary furnace, removes a small amount of VOC gas, and then passes through the gas purification system for treatment before being discharged at high altitude. The residue left at the bottom of the furnace can be directly returned to nature or used as raw materials in the construction industry. The treatment technology has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, and can fully recover the petroleum hydrocarbons in the oil sludge. It is a technology suitable for China's national conditions.
Its main features are as follows:
(1) Wide range of application
Gasification and pyrolysis technology can simultaneously treat oil sludge, domestic waste, medical waste and other wastes.
(2) Flexible processing scale
Gasification and cracking treatment can be either large-scale plant construction treatment or local and immediate treatment; It can meet the on-site harmless treatment at the place where the oil sludge is generated, and can prevent pollution during the transportation and stacking of oil sludge.
(3) Low cost
This technology adopts the appropriate process flow and designs the reasonable structure of the gasification cracking furnace. In the process of manufacturing the gasification cracking furnace, only the commonly used steel welding treatment is required, and no special heat-resistant materials are required; In the process of operation, the calorific value of high molecular organic matter in oil sludge is fully used to make it self heating, gasification and cracking, which only requires a small amount of natural gas to be preheated to the design temperature; After passing through the dust chamber, water spray and other equipment, the tail gas generated by the combustion stove can be directly discharged into the atmosphere after simple treatment. The cost of the pyrolysis equipment at the waste gasification site and the cost of the simple treatment process are more than 80% lower than that of waste incineration.
(4) Environmental protection and green
This technology controls the production of some pollutants from the process design, such as "dioxin". The formation of dioxin like substances should meet the following basic conditions:
● benzene ring molecules;
● oxygen atoms participate in the reaction;
● chlorine atom participates in the reaction;
● metal particles (dust) as catalyst;
● the appropriate temperature is generally 250 ~ 650 ° and the gasification cracking furnace technology is based on the formation characteristics of dioxin like substances.
Greenmax technology adopts the following design:
● control the temperature fluctuation in the furnace between 800-1200 ℃ to reduce the production of dioxin
● add auxiliary materials for plasma gasification, and conduct secondary treatment on the generated gas to oxidize and decompose a small amount of dioxin like substances;
● water spray is designed in the tail gas treatment stage, so that the tail gas can no longer synthesize dioxin like substances.
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